KEY CONCEPTS:

ABDELLAH'S TYPOLOGY OF 21 NURSING PROBLEMS:
1. To maintain good hygiene and physical comfort.
2. To promote optimal activity: exercise, rest, and sleep.
3. To promote safety through prevention of accident, injury,
or other trauma and through the prevention of the spread of infection.
4. To maintain good body mechanics and prevent and
correct deformity.
5. To facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen
to all body cells.
6. To facilitate the maintenance of nutrition of all body
cells.
7. To facilitate the maintenance of elimination.
8. To facilitate the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte
balance.
9. To recognize the physiological responses of the body
to disease conditions, pathological, physiological, and compensatory.
10. To facilitate the maintenance of regulatory
mechanisms and functions.
11. To facilitate the maintenance of sensory
function.
12. To identify and accept positive and negative
expressions, feelings, and reactions.
13. To identify and accept interrelatedness of emotions
and organic illness.
14. To facilitate the maintenance of effective
verbal and nonverbal communication.
15. To promote the development of productive
interpersonal relationships.
16. To facilitate progress toward achievement of personal
spiritual goals
17. To create and/or maintain a therapeutic environment.
18. To facilitate awareness of self as an individual
with varying physical, emotional, and developmental needs.
19. To accept the optimum possible goals in the light of
limitations, physical, and emotional.
20. To use community resources as an aid in resolving
problems arising from illness.
21. To understand the role of social problems as influencing
factors in the cause of illness

References:
George Julia B. Nursing theories: The base of professional
nursing practice 3rd edition. Norwalk, CN: Appleton and Lange; 1990.
George, J. (2002). Nursing Theories: The Base for
Professional Nursing Practice. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.